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Also known as: VIP, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) is a 28-amino-acid signaling peptide with vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory actions. It is studied intranasally in protocols for chronic inflammatory and biotoxin-related illness.
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VIP binds the G-protein-coupled receptors VPAC1 and VPAC2, raising intracellular cyclic AMP in target cells. This drives smooth-muscle relaxation and vasodilation, particularly in the pulmonary and splanchnic circulations. VIP also exerts broad anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects, shifting cytokine balance toward a regulatory phenotype and supporting mucosal and neural function. Its short circulating half-life has prompted intranasal delivery for sustained central and respiratory exposure in research settings.