Thymosin Alpha-1
Also known as: Thymosin Alpha-1, Ta1, Zadaxin
A thymus-derived immunomodulating peptide approved in many countries (as Zadaxin) for hepatitis and as an immune adjuvant. Studied for restoring and balancing immune function.
Last updated
Mechanism of Action
Thymosin Alpha-1 is a 28-amino-acid peptide that enhances T-cell maturation and function, promotes differentiation of T-helper cells, and stimulates dendritic cell and natural killer cell activity. It signals partly through Toll-like receptors (notably TLR9 and TLR2), augmenting both innate and adaptive immunity. By modulating cytokine production, it can help normalize over- or under-active immune responses.
- Half-life
- Approximately 2 hours
- Administration Routes
- subcutaneous
- Research Status
- Clinical
Reported Benefits
- Enhances T-cell and NK-cell function
- Approved (as Zadaxin) for hepatitis B and C in several countries
- Used as a vaccine adjuvant and immune modulator
- Studied in cancer immunotherapy and sepsis
- May help normalize dysregulated immune responses
Potential Side Effects
- Injection-site redness or discomfort
- Mild flu-like symptoms
- Transient fatigue
- Rare allergic reactions
Common Dosing
Clinical literature references ~1.6 mg subcutaneously, typically twice weekly, with regimens varying by indication. Stated as research/clinical reference.
The dosing information above is aggregated from research literature and anecdotal community reports for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation, prescription, or medical advice. Peptides are sold as research chemicals only and are not intended for human use.
Contraindications
- Immunosuppression required (e.g., organ transplant recipients)
- Known hypersensitivity to the peptide
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding (limited data)
Thymalin
A thymus-derived peptide preparation studied in Russian research for immune restoration and age-related immune support, often paired with Epitalon in longevity protocols.
LL-37
The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, central to innate immunity. Studied for antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing properties.
- View
Thymosin Alpha 1 Reduces the Mortality of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Restoration of Lymphocytopenia and Reversion of Exhausted T Cells
2020
- View
Thymosin alpha 1: A comprehensive review of the literature
2020
- View
Thymosin alpha-1 treatment in chronic hepatitis B
2015
- View
A Pilot Trial of Thymalfasin (Thymosin-α-1) to Treat Hospitalized Patients With Hypoxemia and Lymphocytopenia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection
2023
- View
Thymosin alpha 1 activates dendritic cells for antifungal Th1 resistance through toll-like receptor signaling
2004