What does SS-31 target?

SS-31 selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds cardiolipin, helping stabilize the electron transport chain to improve ATP production and reduce reactive oxygen species.

Is SS-31 the same as elamipretide?

Yes. SS-31 is the research designation for the same mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide developed clinically as elamipretide.

What has it been studied for?

It has been investigated in clinical trials for primary mitochondrial myopathy and in research settings for heart failure, kidney injury, and age-related mitochondrial dysfunction. Material here is for research purposes only.

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Preclinical

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

Also known as: SS-31, Elamipretide

SS-31 (elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide studied for protecting mitochondrial function in conditions involving oxidative stress and energy failure. It has been investigated clinically for mitochondrial myopathy and heart and kidney disease.

Mechanism of Action

SS-31 is a cell-permeable aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide (D-Arg-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it binds the phospholipid cardiolipin. By stabilizing cardiolipin and its interaction with cytochrome c and respiratory-chain supercomplexes, SS-31 improves electron-transport efficiency, increases ATP production, and reduces electron leak and reactive oxygen species generation. This preservation of cristae structure and mitochondrial bioenergetics underlies its studied protective effects in tissues with high energy demand such as heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and retina.

Half-life: Approximately 2-3 hours in humans for the parent compound
Administration Routes: subcutaneous, intravenous
Research Status: Preclinical