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Also known as: NAD+, NAD, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NAD+ is an essential coenzyme central to cellular energy production and DNA repair whose levels decline with age. It is studied and supplemented for longevity, mitochondrial function, and metabolic health. Note: NAD+ is a coenzyme, not a peptide, commonly sold alongside longevity research compounds.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a redox coenzyme that shuttles electrons in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP. Beyond energy metabolism it serves as a required substrate for sirtuins, which regulate gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis, and for PARP enzymes involved in DNA repair, as well as CD38 in immune signaling. Cellular NAD+ levels decline with age, impairing these pathways, so direct administration or precursor loading aims to restore the NAD+ pool. Replenished NAD+ is investigated for improving mitochondrial efficiency, stress resistance, and markers of biological aging.