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Also known as: MOTS-c, MOTS-C
MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA region that acts as a regulator of metabolism. It is studied for improving insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, and exercise capacity.
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MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene that translocates to the nucleus under metabolic stress to regulate adaptive gene expression. It activates the AMPK energy-sensing pathway, enhancing glucose uptake, fatty-acid oxidation, and metabolic flexibility while reducing reliance on the folate-purine-AICAR pathway. By influencing nuclear transcription factors such as NRF2, MOTS-c modulates antioxidant and stress-response programs implicated in aging and insulin resistance. These mechanisms underlie its preclinical effects on weight, glucose homeostasis, and physical performance.