What is a mitochondrial-derived peptide?

It is a peptide encoded by the mitochondrial genome rather than nuclear DNA. Humanin was one of the first identified and is studied as a signaling molecule that helps coordinate cellular stress responses and metabolism.

What is the difference between humanin and HNG?

HNG (Humanin-G) is an analog in which a single amino acid is substituted, producing a much more potent and stable version of native humanin that is often preferred in research.

← All peptides

Longevity & Anti-aging

Preclinical

Humanin

Also known as: Humanin, HNG, Humanin-G

Humanin is a mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for its cytoprotective, neuroprotective, and metabolic effects. The HNG (Humanin-G) analog is a more potent variant frequently used in research.

Mechanism of Action

Humanin is encoded within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and acts as a mitochondrial-derived peptide with broad cytoprotective signaling. It binds a trimeric cell-surface receptor (CNTFR/WSX-1/gp130) and the formyl peptide receptor FPRL1, activating STAT3 and other pro-survival pathways while inhibiting Bax-mediated apoptosis. It improves insulin sensitivity, reduces oxidative stress, and protects neurons and other cells against metabolic and amyloid-beta-induced toxicity in preclinical models.

Half-life: Short for native humanin; analogs such as HNG are more stable but data are limited
Administration Routes: subcutaneous, intraperitoneal
Research Status: Preclinical