HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin)
Also known as: HMG, Human Menopausal Gonadotropin
Human menopausal gonadotropin (menotropin) is a purified preparation of the pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH, historically extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women. It is used clinically to stimulate gametogenesis and gonadal steroid production in fertility settings.
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Mechanism of Action
HMG delivers roughly equal bioactivity of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). FSH binds Sertoli-cell and granulosa-cell FSH receptors to drive spermatogenesis and follicular maturation, while the LH component activates Leydig-cell and theca-cell LH receptors to stimulate testosterone and androstenedione synthesis. By providing both signals, HMG reproduces the downstream output of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, supporting follicle recruitment in women and intratesticular testosterone with sperm production in men.
- Half-life
- FSH component roughly 24-36 hours; LH component shorter at several hours
- Administration Routes
- subcutaneous, intramuscular
- Research Status
- Clinical
Reported Benefits
- Stimulates follicular development for ovulation induction and assisted reproduction
- Supports spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
- Restores intratesticular testosterone production
- Provides combined FSH and LH activity in a single preparation
- Used to maintain testicular size and fertility during exogenous androgen suppression
Potential Side Effects
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in women
- Injection-site pain, redness, or swelling
- Gynecomastia or estrogen elevation in men
- Headache and mood changes
- Multiple gestation risk with ovulation induction
Common Dosing
Research literature describes 75-150 IU subcutaneously or intramuscularly, dosed daily or several times weekly depending on protocol. Listed for research and educational reference only, not as personal medical advice.
The dosing information above is aggregated from research literature and anecdotal community reports for educational purposes only. It is not a recommendation, prescription, or medical advice. Peptides are sold as research chemicals only and are not intended for human use.
Contraindications
- Hormone-sensitive tumors of the breast, ovary, or prostate
- Primary gonadal failure
- Uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction
- Pregnancy
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
A glycoprotein hormone produced in pregnancy that mimics luteinizing hormone, used clinically to stimulate gonadal function. It is studied to support testosterone production and fertility.
Gonadorelin (GnRH)
Gonadorelin is a synthetic form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) studied for stimulating the pituitary release of LH and FSH. It is used in fertility research and to assess or support the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Triptorelin (GnRH)
Triptorelin is a long-acting synthetic GnRH agonist used clinically to suppress sex-hormone production after an initial flare. It is applied in prostate cancer, endometriosis, precocious puberty, and fertility protocols.
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Clinical outcome following stimulation with highly purified hMG or recombinant FSH in patients undergoing IVF: a randomized assessor-blind controlled trial
2006
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Urinary hMG versus recombinant FSH for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation following an agonist long down-regulation protocol in IVF or ICSI treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
2008
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Recombinant versus urinary gonadotrophin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive technology cycles
2011